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We provide the first comprehensive evidence of Apple's App Tracking Transparency policy's impact on e-commerce firms, finding substantial revenue declines particularly among smaller firms highly dependent on Meta advertising.
We forecast cost-per-click in paid search by approximating latent competition through semantic, behavioral, and geographic signals derived from Google Ads auction logs.
We study how the 2025 U.S. tariff changes affected digital advertising markets, using difference-in-differences designs to show how trade policy shocks propagate into firms' advertising expenditures.
We examine Google's AI Overviews rollout as a staggered platform shock, finding that it reduces organic e-commerce traffic while only partially improving conversion quality of surviving visits.
We analyze how ChatGPT referrals shape basket structure and category concentration in e-commerce, finding that generative AI functions as a distinct form of shopping intermediation.